Account abstraction

Account abstraction lets a crypto wallet act like a small program instead of a fixed pair of keys, so it can follow custom rules for approving transactions. This matters because it can remove the single point of failure of one lost seed phrase, letting people recover access, set spending limits, or let someone else pay gas fees for them. For example, Ethereum's ERC-4337 standard lets a wallet require two out of three trusted devices to sign before sending funds over $1,000, similar to a bank's dual-approval rule. Without account abstraction, losing your one private key usually means losing your funds for good, since there's no built-in way to reset access or add safety checks.